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Olive Fitzhardinge (1881–1956) was an Australian rose breeder, the first to patent her work. Her four surviving roses are held in Australian collections.〔(National Rose Collection of Australia )〕 Her roses were well received in the 1930s but after the Second World War favoured styles of roses changed significantly. ==Life== Olive Rose McMaster was born in 1881 at Warialda, northern New South Wales.〔BDM records for NSW online for the birth of (Olive Rose MacMaster ), retrieved 7 April 2012.〕 She was brought up in the country at Moree.〔(''Australian Town and Country Journal'', 2 April 1898, p. 35. ) retrieved from Trove 6 April 2012.〕〔Presbyterian Ladies College Croydon archive, thanks to Debby Cramer, supplied 16 April 2012.〕 She was the elder daughter of Colin James McMaster (1853–1930) and Sarah Ross (1855–1927). Her father was for twenty years Chief Commissioner and chairman of the Western Lands Board, which administered land leases in the whole western third of NSW.〔 Note the surname's spelling as McMaster not MacMaster.〕 Olive was educated by a governess at home and boarded 1897–1898 at Presbyterian Ladies College, Croydon.〔〔 She and her sister Dorothy Jean (1884–1966), later Mrs C.W.D. Conacher of Crona, Warrawee, were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, and through it Victorian Medievalism. They collected medieval objects, dress fabrics and tapestry. They cultivated quiet ''Country Life'' interiors furnished with old things and lit with tallow candles in medieval candlesticks. Exteriors would show the luxuriant infomality of Gertrude Jekyll's ''Roses for English Gardens''.〔See the photo captioned "A Picturesque Corner of Warrawee" in 〕 Later Olive was to breed roses to look well in candlelight. Her second daughter was married in a "mediaeval gown". It lent depth to Olive's interest that she married into a pre-Conquest, west of England family ennobled by Henry II in the twelfth century. In 1909 she married Dr Hardinge Clarence Fitzhardinge (1878–1958), a Macquarie Street dental surgeon.〔BDM data for NSW online, (Fitzhardinge–MacMaster marriage 1909 ), retrieved 7 April 2012.〕 He was the son of M.A.H. Fitzhardinge, a prominent Sydney solicitor from the second generation of the well-known NSW legal family founded in the 1840s by W.G.A. Fitzhardinge.〔 W.G.A. Fitzhardinge had nine sons, five of them NSW lawyers. He was a descendant of the Earls of Berkeley and of Earl Fitzhardinge.〕 Hardinge and Olive lived at Cremorne Point for some years but in 1917 bought with a northerly aspect and good volcanic soil at Warrawee 21 km northwest of Sydney.〔 Text kindly supplied by Patricia Routley of HRIA.〕 As all North Shore suburbs with aboriginal names, Warrawee was the name of a railway station which became attached to the surrounding suburb. Warrawee had developed in the 1900s as an exclusive residential district with no shops, offices, post office, public school, churches or through roads.〔Paul Davis, November 2010, ''Kuring-Gai Potential Heritage Conservation Areas North Review'' ("HCA 23 – Warrawee" ) retrieved 16 April 2012.〕〔(Knox Grammar ), attended by the Fitzhardinge boys, was founded at Earlston, a Warrawee property across the railway line, in 1923, senior school 1924.〕 All the blocks were kept to between one and four acres and the form of houses tightly controlled.〔〔 See especially p. 27.〕 The Fitzhardinges had Bridge End at No. 1 Warrawee Avenue, where they built a spreading single-storey house and established "quite a famous garden".〔〔〔The present two-storey house at Bridge End was built in 1939, so was not built by the Fitzhardinges. The eastern half-acre of their block has been hived off to form another property.〕〔The Sydney phone directory for 1923 shows Mrs Fitzhardinge's parents living across the railway line in Heydon Avenue, her sister Dorothy Jean, Mrs C.W.D. Conacher just behind her house at Crona in Pibrac Avenue.〕 As well-to-do citizens of the Empire they followed London manners and taste: in a world of "lounge" rooms they kept to a drawing-room. The Fitzhardinges had daughters Jean Mary Hardinge Dean (1910–2009)〔(NSW BMD record for Jean M Fitzhardinge. )〕〔Ryerson Index accessed 26 April 2012.〕 and Olive Prudence Bryant (1912–2001)〔(NSW BDM records for Bryant-Fitzhardinge ).〕〔Ryerson Index accessed 26 April 2012〕 and sons Colin Hardinge Fitzhardinge (1914–1998)〔(Robert Bolton and Elizabeth Thurston, "A country to write home about", ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 19 April 2003; obituary ).〕 and Brian Forbes Fitzhardinge, who died at fourteen in 1932.〔The opening of memorial gates at Knox Grammar in memory of her son, Brian is the only known occasion on which Mrs Fitzhardinge's photo appeared in the press: (''Sydney Morning Herald'', 16 June 1993, p.14 ), retrieved from Trove 7 April 2012.〕 Olive Fitzhardinge began to breed roses at Bridge End about 1920.〔(''Sydney Morning Herald'', 30 January 1931 p.9. ) Retrieved from Trove 6 April 2012.〕 Because she was wealthy and related to prominent people in the history of New South Wales, her activities as a rose breeder were unusually well reported.〔For instance, (''Sydney Morning Herald'' 18 October 1932 p.10. ) retrieved 6 April 2012.〕 In fact society and rose-breeding themes were closely intertwined. The ''Sydney Morning Herald'' on 16 May 1934 reported the wedding of the Fitzhardinges' daughter. Five of Mrs Fitzhardinge's 12 roses were named after those present, six if one includes 'Warrawee'.〔(Warrawee at HelpMeFind.com )〕 :A gleaming golden girdle added a note of colour to the mediaeval gown of white velvet worn by Miss Prudence Hardinge Fitzhardinge () for her wedding last night to Mr. Bowen Bartlett Bryant, which took place at St. John's Church, Wahroonga … the two bridesmaids, the Misses Jean Fitzhardinge (Jane' ), sister of the bride, and Peggy Prell (Goulburn) … At Bridge End, Warrawee … a marquee was erected on the lawn for the wedding breakfast … Mrs. Fitzhardinge received her guests wearing a gown of silver grey lace and a black velvet toque, and carrying a posy of shaded berries … Among the guests were … Mr. and Mrs. L. Bice (Inverell) (Bice' ), Lady David (Edgeworth David' ) … Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Prell (Goulburn) (C.E. Prell' ) … 〔 Joseph Beresford Grant, who had used his money to guarantee the exclusiveness of Warrawee, was also a guest.〔 Mrs Fitzhardinge planted many trees in public spaces, including the long avenue of the Pymble Ladies College (where her daughters were pupils)〔Pymble Ladies College archive, thanks to Kim Collins, supplied 26 April 2012.〕 and many of the majestic tree groupings at the Avondale Golf Club (where she was a member).〔〔(Avondale Golf Club ) retrieved 10 April 2012.〕〔(''Sydney Morning Herald'' 11 June 1931 p.3. ) retrieved 15 April 2012.〕 In 1937 Dr Fitzhardinge, Olive and their surviving son moved to Wongalong, a sheep and cattle property at Mandurama (pr. ManDOOrama) on the Central Tablelands of NSW.〔〔The Fitzhardinges of Warrawee disappear from the Sydney phone directory for 1937 but reappear in the country phone directory for Mandurama as Fitzhardinge H.C. of Wongalong.〕 Despite her intentions, Mrs Fitzhardinge bred no more roses,〔 though she continued to grow them in "drought, many high winds, and mineralised water."〔Mrs O. R. Fitzthardinge, Mandurama, "'New Garden—New Roses." ''Australian Rose Annual'', 1941 p.58.〕 She did experiment with breeding improved geraniums. She died in 1956.〔Online BDM records for NSW for the death of (Olive Rose Fitzhardinge ), retrieved 7 April 2012..〕 Her son Colin, married to the writer Joan Phipson, inherited Wongalong and her rose 'Warrawee' was still growing there in 1980.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Olive Fitzhardinge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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